Gambar: Tunjukanlah bakat seni anda dengan membuat gambar-gambar yang berhubungan dengan kata-kata yang sedang anda pelajari. Gambar anda tersebut dapat membantu memicu ingatan anda di masa datang.Tips Menambah Kosa Kata Berbahasa Inggris
Gambar: Tunjukanlah bakat seni anda dengan membuat gambar-gambar yang berhubungan dengan kata-kata yang sedang anda pelajari. Gambar anda tersebut dapat membantu memicu ingatan anda di masa datang.How Teaching Large Classes
Advantages of Teaching Large Classes
- High Energy: Classes with many students may be noisy, but they are also fun and exciting.
- Timing: Classes go by quickly in a large class, and you will rarely catch yourself looking at the clock. You will regularly find yourself with extra activities that you did not complete that you can save and use in your next class.
- Participation: There is always someone who is willing to answer questions even if they are just guessing. Make sure to take answers from a variety of students.
- Fillers: Teachers have less need for fillers since core activities and lessons take longer to complete.
Challenges of Teaching Large Classes
- Intimacy: Remembering student's names can take a while. Teachers may feel that they do not get to know their students as well as they would like to.
- Anxiety: Some teachers feel anxious being so outnumbered by the students. In addition, some students are afraid to ask questions or participate in a large class.
- Student needs: Meeting individual needs can be difficult or impossible when class size is very large.
- Marking: Grading assignments and tests can be very time consuming, and your pay will generally be the same for a smaller class.
- Distractions: There are more distractions for teachers in large classes, such as latecomers and people chatting while you are teaching.
- Preparation: Making photocopies for a large class can be very time consuming. Other teachers may be bothered by how much time you spend using the photocopier.
- Noise level: Large classes can become out of hand when students are working in pairs or groups. At times you may feel more like a disciplinarian than a teacher.
- Monitoring students: Teachers may find it difficult to keep students on task as they monitor pair and group work.
- Space: There is limited space in a classroom for energetic activities such as role-playing.
- Textbooks and resources: There may not be enough textbooks or computers available for all students.
Strategies for Coping with Large Classes
- Use a teacher's notebook: Attach a small notebook and pen to your belt loop. Take notes while you are monitoring pair or group learning. Review common errors as a whole group after an activity is complete.
- Spread out: Find another space that your class can use for energetic whole group activities. Find a lobby or spare classroom in the building that your students can spread out into when they are preparing a project or performance. Take students outside if there is no indoor space available.
- Create a participation grade: Make homework and attendance count by doing regular checks and making it part of their final grade. Giving a daily exam tip also encourages attendance.
- Encourage competition: Establish a fun and competitive atmosphere within the class, by dividing the class into teams. You may change the teams once in a while or leave them the same throughout a semester. Teams can win points for certain accomplishments (If noise and behaviour is a problem, students can lose points too.).
- Relax: Find ways to relax before class so that you don't feel anxious. Never attempt to prepare a lesson in the morning, right before class. Always have a water bottle handy. Always have an extra activity on hand in case something doesn't go as you expect it to.
- Establish trust: Learn unique ways to remember names and do your best to get to know something about each of your students. Create a seating chart on the first day and ask students to stick with it for a while. Tell your students at least one or two things about yourself beyond your role of teaching.
- Manage the noise: Establish a signal that you want your class to stop what they are doing and listen. This should be done from the first day, so that students become accustomed to it right away. Be careful not to use gestures or sounds that would offend anyone.
- Reduce marking and preparation time: Design quizzes and tests in a way so that you can reduce the amount of marking. Use peer evaluations when possible. If students submit journals, just read them and leave a short comment and/or suggestion, rather than fixing every grammar mistake. Designate a specific time when the teacher's room is slow to do most of your photocopying for the week. This will save you from feeling guilty for taking up the photocopier for a long time when another teacher only has a few copies to make.
- Enforce a late policy: Notify students of your late policy on the first day and stick to it. For example, don't let students enter your classroom after a warm-up has ended. If students miss class, make it their responsibility to catch up, not yours.
- Share your e-mail address: In a large class, you will find yourself feeling drained before and after class if you let students come early or stay late to ask questions every day. This alone can make you hate your job, especially if you are not paid for hours when you are not teaching. Encourage students to e-mail you with questions, and answer them on your own time. If you don't like the e-mail suggestion, try finishing your class ten minutes early once in a while and allow your students free conversation time. Take questions on a first come basis during this time.
Activities to use in Large Classes
- Small group discussions: Use topics related to a theme, or ask students to submit topic suggestions.
- Who Am I?: Tape the name of a famous person to the back of each student. Students go around the room asking questions and trying to identify themselves. Once they guess who they are they can place their nametag on the front and continue helping other students identify themselves.
- Team spelling contests: Each student who gets the spelling correct gets a point for their team.
- Balderdash: Large class can be split into teams. Teacher calls out a word and students have to write down the part of speech and definition. Each student to get both correct gets a point for her team.
- Write the question: Large class can be split into teams. The teacher calls out an answer and the students have to write the question. (ex. "Lynn") Each student to write the correct question gets a point. (ex. answer: What's your middle name?")
- Questionnaires: Students circulate around the room asking each other questions. Students can create their own questions on a given topic or theme, or you can provide the questionnaire handout. Follow up by asking each student to report the most interesting answer they received.
- Categories: The teacher calls out a category, such as fruit, and each student has to name a fruit when it is his turn. If a student hesitates for more than five seconds, he or she has to choose a new category and sit out the rest of the game. The last person to get out wins.
Pola Dasar dan Unsur Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
Kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa jenis dan pola, tergantung titik pandang tujuan atau kegunaan praktis yang diinginkan. Untuk tujuan identifikasi dan analisis kalimat dalam usaha memahami artinya, kalimat bahasa Inggris tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi enam pola dasar beserta unsur-unsurnya, yaitu:
Fungsi Tipe | Subyek | Predikat | Obyek | Pelengkap | Keterangan |
a. S-P | The student | run | |||
b. S-P-O | The student | drinks | milk | ||
c. S-P-Pel | The student | is | a lazy student | ||
d. S-P-Ket | The student | studies | in the library | ||
e. S-P-O-Pel | The student | opened | the door | Quietly | |
f. S-P-O-Ket | The student | read | the book | at your house |
Sebagai Subjek | Kata ganti, kata benda / kelompok kata benda, kata kerja+ing (gerund), to infinitive, wh-to infinitive, dan sub klausa benda |
Sebagai Predikat | Kata kerja I (+s / es), kata kerja II, to be (is, am, are, was, were), kata kerja bantu (will, can, may, must, have, had) |
Sebagai Objek | Sama seperti Subjek |
Sebagai Pelengkap | Kata sifat, kelompok preposisi dan yang lain sama seperti Subjek |
Sebagai Keterangan | Kata keterangan, kelompok proposisi. (letak keterangan bisa di awal, tengah atau akhir kalimat) |
- Simple present tense
- Present continuous tense
- Present perfect tense
- Simple past tense
- Simple future tense
I drink milk everyday | Minum | Simple present tense |
I am drinking milk now | Sedang minum | Present continuous tense |
I have drunk milk since 1999 | Telah minum | Present perfect tense |
I drank milk yesterday | Telah minum | Simple past tense |
I will drink milk tomorrow | Akan minum | Simple future |
Teaching Speaking
Strategies for Developing Speaking Skills
1. Using minimal responses
Language learners who lack confidence in their ability to participate successfully in oral interaction often listen in silence while others do the talking. One way to encourage such learners to begin to participate is to help them build up a stock of minimal responses that they can use in different types of exchanges. Such responses can be especially useful for beginners.Minimal responses are predictable, often idiomatic phrases that conversation participants use to indicate understanding, agreement, doubt, and other responses to what another speaker is saying. Having a stock of such responses enables a learner to focus on what the other participant is saying, without having to simultaneously plan a response.
2. Recognizing scripts
Some communication situations are associated with a predictable set of spoken exchanges -- a script. Greetings, apologies, compliments, invitations, and other functions that are influenced by social and cultural norms often follow patterns or scripts. So do the transactional exchanges involved in activities such as obtaining information and making a purchase. In these scripts, the relationship between a speaker's turn and the one that follows it can often be anticipated.
Instructors can help students develop speaking ability by making them aware of the scripts for different situations so that they can predict what they will hear and what they will need to say in response. Through interactive activities, instructors can give students practice in managing and varying the language that different scripts contain.
3. Using language to talk about language
Language learners are often too embarrassed or shy to say anything when they do not understand another speaker or when they realize that a conversation partner has not understood them. Instructors can help students overcome this reticence by assuring them that misunderstanding and the need for clarification can occur in any type of interaction, whatever the participants' language skill levels. Instructors can also give students strategies and phrases to use for clarification and comprehension check.
By encouraging students to use clarification phrases in class when misunderstanding occurs, and by responding positively when they do, instructors can create an authentic practice environment within the classroom itself. As they develop control of various clarification strategies, students will gain confidence in their ability to manage the various communication situations that they may encounter outside the classroom.
Sumber: http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/speaking/stratspeak.htm
Kucing Hewan Kesayangan Nabi Muhammad SAW
Kita mungkin pernah denger kalau Nabi suka banget sama kucing, tapi emg nabi sayang semua binatang dan mereka semua diperlakukan mulia. Bnyk kisah2 ttg kucing (karena kucing memang binatang yang banyak berkeliaran disekitar manusia). Bahkan nabi juga memiliki kucing peliharaan
Setiap Nabi menerima tamu di rumah, nabi SELALU ngegendong mueeza (nama kucingnya) dan ditaruh dipahanya. Salah satu sifat Mueeza yang paling nabi demen:
‘Mueeza selalu mengeong ketika mendengar azan, seolah-olah ngeongnya ky ngikutin lantunan suara adzan’
Nabi berpesan untuk menyayangi kucing peliharaan layaknya menyanyangi keluarga sendiri.
Terus, pernah juga nabi mau ngambil jubahnya, eh ada Muezza lagi tidur diatasnya.. Nabi pun memotong belahan lengan yang ditiduri mueeza dari jubahnya supaya gak ngebangunin Muezza.
Pas Nabi pulang ke rumah, Muezza terbangun dan merunduk kepada majikannya. Sebagai balasan, nabi menyatakan kasih sayangnya dengan mengelus lembut ke badan kucing itu.
Nabi menekankan di beberapa hadis bahwa kucing itu tidak najis. Bahkan diperbolehkan untuk berwudhu menggunakan air bekas minum kucing karena dianggap suci.
Kenapa Rasulullah Saw yang buta baca-tulis, berani mengatakan bahwa kucing suci, tidak najis?
Lalu, bagaimana Nabi mengetahui kalau pada badan kucing tidak terdapat najis?
Pada kulit kucing terdapat otot yang berfungsi untuk menolak telur bakteri. Otot kucing itu juga dapat menyesuaikan dengan sentuhan otot manusia.
Permukaan lidah kucing tertutupi oleh berbagai benjolan kecil yang runcing, benjolan ini bengkok mengerucut seperti kikir atau gergaji. Bentuk ini sangat berguna untuk membersihkan kulit. Ketika kucing minum, tidak ada setetes pun cairan yang jatuh dari lidahnya.
Sedangkan lidah kucing sendiri merupakan alat pembersih yang paling canggih, permukaannya yang kasar bisa membuang bulu-bulu mati dan membersihkan bulu-bulu yang tersisa di badannya.
Telah dilakukan berbagai penelitian terhadap kucing dan berbagai perbedaan usia, perbedaan posisi kulit, punggung, bagian dalam telapak kaki, pelindung mulut, dan ekor. Pada bagian-bagian tersebut dilakukan pengambilan sample dengan usapan. Di samping itu, dilakukan juga penanaman kuman pada bagian-bagian khusus. Terus diambil juga cairan khusus yang ada pada dinding dalam mulut dan lidahnya.
Hasil yang didapatkan adalah:
1. Hasil yang diambil dari kulit luar tenyata negatif berkuman, meskipun dilakukan berulang-ulang.
2. Perbandingan yang ditanamkan kuman memberikan hasil negatif sekitar 80% jika dilihat dari cairan yang diambil dari dinding mulut.
3. Cairan yang diambil dari permukaan lidah juga memberikan hasil negatif berkuman.
4. Sekalinya ada kuman yang ditemukan saat proses penelitian, kuman itu masuk kelompok kuman yang dianggap sebagai kuman biasa yang berkembang pada tubuh manusia dalam jumlah yang terbatas seperti, enterobacter, streptococcus, dan taphylococcus. Jumlahnya kurang dan 50 ribu pertumbuhan.
5. Tidak ditemukan kelompok kuman yang beragam.
Berbagai sumber yang dapat dipercaya dan hasil penelitian laboratorium menyimpulkan bahwa kucing tidak memiliki kuman dan mikroba. Liurnya bersih dan membersihkan.
Komentar Para Dokter yang Bergelut dalam Bidang Kuman
Menurut Dr. George Maqshud, ketua laboratorium di Rumah Sakit Hewan Baitharah, jarang sekali ditemukan adanya kuman pada lidah kucing. Jika kuman itu ada, maka kucing itu akan sakit.
Dr. Gen Gustafsirl menemukan bahwa kuman yang paling banyak terdapat pada anjing, manusia 1/4 anjing, kucing 1/2 manusia. Dokter hewan di rumah sakit hewan Damaskus, Sa’id Rafah menegaskan bahwa kucing memiliki perangkat pembersih yang bemama lysozyme.
Kucing tidak suka air karena air merupakan tempat yang sangat subur untuk pertumbuhan bakteri, terlebih pada genangan air (lumpur, genangan hujan, dll). Kucing juga sangat menjaga kestabilan kehangatan tubuhnya. Ia tdk banyak berjemur dan tidak dekat2 dgn air. Tujuannya agar bakteri tidak berpindah kepadanya. Inilah yang menjadi faktor tidak adanya kuman pada tubuh kucing.
Dan hasil penelitian kedokteran dan percobaan yang telah di lakukan di laboratorium hewan, ditemukan bahwa badan kucing bersih secara keseluruhan. Ia lebih bersih dari manusia.
Sisa makanan kucing hukumnya suci. Hadis Kabsyah binti Ka’b bin Malik menceritakan bahwa Abu Qatadah, mertua Kabsyah, masuk ke rumahnya lalu ia menuangkan air untuk wudhu. Pada saat itu, datang seekor kucing yang ingin minum. Lantas ia menuangkan air di bejana sampai kucing itu minum. Kabsyah berkata, “Perhatikanlah.” Abu Qatadah berkata, “Apakah kamu heran?” Ia menjawab, “Ya.” Lalu, Abu Qatadah berkata bahwa Nabi SAW prnh bersabda, “Kucing itu tidak najis. Ia binatang yang suka berkeliling di rumah (binatang rumahan),”
(HR At-Tirmidzi, An-Nasa’i, Abu Dawud, dan Ibnu Majah).
Diriwayatkan dan Ali bin Al-Hasan, dan Anas yang menceritakan bahwa Nabi Saw pergi ke Bathhan suatu daerah di Madinah. Lalu, beliau berkata, “Ya Anas, tuangkan air wudhu untukku ke dalam bejana.”
Lalu, Anas menuangkan air. Ketika sudah selesai, Nabi menuju bejana. Namun, seekor kucing datang dan menjilati bejana. Melihat itu, Nabi berhenti sampai kucing tersebut berhenti minum lalu berwudhu. Nabi ditanya mengenai kejadian tersebut, beliau menjawab, “Ya Anas, kucing termasuk perhiasan rumah tangga, ia tidak dikotori sesuatu, bahkan tidak ada najis.”
Diriwayatkan dari Dawud bin Shalih At-Tammar dan ibunya yang menerangkan bahwa budaknya memberikan Aisyah semangkuk bubur. Namun, ketika ia sampai di rumah Aisyah, tenyata Aisyah sedang shalat. Lalu, ia memberikan isyarat untuk menaruhnya. Sayangnya, setelah Aisyah menyelesaikan shalat, ia lupa ada bubur. Datanglah seekor kucing, lalu memakan sedikit bubur tersebut.
Ketika ia melihat bubur tersebut dimakan kucing, Aisyah lalu membersihkan bagian yang disentuh kucing, dan Aisyah memakannya. Rasulullah Saw bersabda, “Ia tidak najis. Ia binatang yang berkeliling.” Aisyah pernah melihat Rasulullah Saw berwudhu dari sisa jilatan kucing, (HR AlBaihaqi, Abd Al-Razzaq, dan Al-Daruquthni).
Hadis ini diriwayatkari Malik, Ahmad, dan imam hadis yang lain. Oleh karena itu, kucing adalah binatang, yang badan, keringat, bekas dari sisa makanannya adalah suci.
Sumber: Red Line
Kata Bijak MTGW
dengan seindah-indahnya kesyukuran.
akan menemukan celah yang mengeluarkanmu
dan memulihkan jiwamu.
Maka janganlah engkau menghapus
harapan dari hatimu, karena ia adalah
perajut serat kekuatan hatimu.
Engkau yang menggunakan harapanmu
untuk menahan tangis dalam kepedihanmu,
semoga Tuhan segera mengangkatmu keluar
dan memanjakanmu dalam kedamaian
dan kesejahteraan.
Aamiin
tapi karena hatimu yang sedang dikecilkan dan bersedih itu,
tetap bertahan dan menyabarkan diri.
akan tetap menjadi sesuatu yang menguatkanmu,
jika engkau tidak mengijinkannya untuk melemahkanmu.
Tidak ada orang bisa disebut lemah,
selama dia memilih untuk bersikap baik, melakukan yang baik,
dan mensyukuri hubungan yang baik dengan sesamanya.
Pilihlah untuk menjadi jiwa yang sabar dan berbahagia.
dengan seindah-indahnya kesyukuran.
akan menemukan celah yang mengeluarkanmu
dan memulihkan jiwamu.
Maka janganlah engkau menghapus
harapan dari hatimu, karena ia adalah
perajut serat kekuatan hatimu.
Engkau yang menggunakan harapanmu
untuk menahan tangis dalam kepedihanmu,
semoga Tuhan segera mengangkatmu keluar
dan memanjakanmu dalam kedamaian
dan kesejahteraan.
Aamiin
By: Mario Teguh
Golden Ways








